Question 1 (a)

Six terms defined in at most 25 words each

5 marks

Time to write
About 10 minutes
Topic
Scope of environmental studies and basic terms

Question

Question 1 (a) · 5 marks

Define the following (using at most 25 words) (1×5=5)

  1. Soil erosion (ii) The lithosphere (iii) Primary productivity
  2. Geothermal energy (v) Vermicomposting (vi) The wetlands

Reworded from the university paper; the task is the same. The original paper belongs to the University of Delhi. See DU's question bank.

Before you write

Read off the question and its marks

10 minfor 5 marks

Read from the question

  • (1×5=5)1 items at 5 marks each: give each its share.

What the paper leaves open

The paper lists six terms against 1×5=5 marks and does not say "any five"; kept as printed. The answer defines all six.

Write it in this order

  1. Read; underline the asks; jot your points 1 min
  2. 1 Six definitions the paper prints 1×5=5 against six terms 5 marks 8 min
  3. Check: every ask answered, key terms underlined 1 min

Try it first. About 10 minutes for 5 marks. Write it out, then open the solution.

Solution

Hover or tap a marked figure, like 72,000, to see how it is made and where else it appears.

(i) Soil erosion: Loss of fertile topsoil, with its litter, to running water or wind; natural, but much faster where land is cleared of trees or overgrazed.

(ii) The lithosphere: The Earth's solid, rocky outer layer with its soils, giving us minerals for industry, soil for crops, and buried coal, oil and gas.

(iii) Primary productivity: How fast the producers of an ecosystem, chiefly green plants, turn sunlight into new organic matter, the energy base of every food chain.

(iv) Geothermal energy: Heat from deep inside the Earth, drawn up as hot water from underground reservoirs to generate electricity, run industries and warm buildings.

(v) Vermicomposting: Rule 3(1)(55) of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 defines it as "the process of conversion of bio-degradable waste into compost using earth worms".

(vi) The wetlands: Low-lying ground under shallow, plant-filled water for some or all of the year, its level rising and falling sharply between seasons; prized waterbird habitat.

Where the 5 marks sit

#ComponentMarks
1Six definitions (the paper prints 1×5=5 against six terms)5
Total5
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