Question 2 OR (a) part i
Ratification and prior authority
3 marks
- Time to write
- About 6 minutes
From an older CBCS paper
Question
Question 2 OR (a) part i · 3 marks- “Ratification tantamounts to prior authority.” Comment.
Reworded from the university paper; the task is the same. The original paper belongs to the University of Delhi. See DU's question bank.
Before you write
Read off the question and its marks
What the paper leaves open
Marked as one question of 9 marks; answered here in 3 parts of 3 marks each (marks inferred).
Write it in this order
- 1 (i) Ratification tantamounts to prior authority 3 marks 6 min
Try it first. About 6 minutes for 3 marks. Write it out, then open the solution.
Solution
Hover or tap a marked figure, like 72,000, to see how it is made and where else it appears.
(i) Ratification tantamounts to prior authority. Where acts are done by one person on behalf of another without his authority, the other may ratify or disown them; if he ratifies them, the same effects follow as if they had been done by his authority (s. 196). Ratification therefore relates back to the date of the act and is equivalent to prior authority: an agent who bought goods on credit on 10 January without permission bound the principal from that date when the principal accepted responsibility on 20 January.
Where the 3 marks sit
| # | Component | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | (i) Ratification tantamounts to prior authority | 3 |
| Total | 3 |
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